Oil-press



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1., J. H. MOGOWAN.

oIL PRESS. 4No. 315.529. Patented Apr. 14, 1885.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2,

J. H. MoGfOWAN.`

on. PRESS.

No. 315,529. Patented Apr; 14. 1885.

Inventar.;

n. min 'hummm WMM mc 5o said UN ITED STAiInS PATENT OFFICE.

Jonn'n. McGowan, or CINCINNATI, onIo.

OIL-PRESS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No; 315,529, dated April14, 1885.

Application med-December 1B, 18H. (No model.)

To all whom it may convent-.-

Be it known that I, JOHN H. McGowan, a citizen of the United States,residing at Cincinnati, Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvementsin Oil-Presses, of which the following is a speciication.

My invention relates to improvements in presses for the extraction ofoils from oil-bearing substances-such as tla'xseed, cotton-seed,lSte-its principal object' being `to provide in a press of this charactera free drainage under pressure by channels wholly contained within thecasing at all available points in relation to the mass undercompression, said channels being contracted to the smallest limit ofsize to avoid clogging by fibrous or other solid matters, yet affordinga free passage for the oil under pressure, thus subjecting the oil to asemi-filtration in and during the process of extraction, therebyrequirin less settling and producing a purer nal pro uct.

Other objects 0f my invention relate to structural improvements with aview to economy of cost and production, all as hereinafter more fullypointed out. Y

Mechanism embodying my invention is illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, in which- Figure 1 is ageneral perspective elevation ofmyimproved press complete; Fig. 2, ahorizontal section'of thepress-casing taken about midway of its axial length; Fig. 3, ,a partialperspective view of one of the sides of the casingremoved; Fig. 4,apar-tial perspective view of a removable lining separated from thecasing; Fig. 5, a perspective view of `a sin le press-mat, showing someof the slats partially withdrawn; Fig. 6, a similar perspective view ofa double press-mat; Fig. 7, a plan view of a mat, indicating a preferred:form of the presseasing, being wider, lasindicated, in front than inrear; Fig. 8, a horizontal cross-section of a. press-casing withcylindrical interior; Fig. 9, a partial perspective view of lcine sideof said casing, showing the construction of the interior walls; Fi 10,apartial perspective view of a removab e liningadapted tosaidcylindrical casing; Figs. 11 and 12, perspective views of single anddouble mats adapted to cylindrical -casingfandA Fig. 13 a detailvertical section of the hinged'pipc-joint for carrying steam or otherheating medium into the hinged door of the press-casing.

Letters of reference on the drawings indicate the parts designated inthe following description.

The general mechanism of the press con sists of a hydraulic cylinder, A,plunger B, a platen or press-block, O, provided with Aa surroundingdrip-gallery, c, these parts being arranged in the usual manner betweenvertical side standards, D D, connected above by a cross-bar, E, fromwhich depends a compress casing, F, open at the bottom, and having oneof its sides, F', swung upon hinges and provided with fastening-bolts w,permitting the same to be opened as a door to aord ready access to theinterior. rlhese general features are clearly indicated in Fig. 1, whichrepresents the door F standing open, exposing the interior to View,containing a partially-completcd series of bags. G, of oil-bearingmaterial loaded upon the platenfor the pressing operation. Thecomprcsscasing may be four sided interiorly, as shown, with cylindricalexterior, or may be cylindrical both exterorly and interorly withone-half hinged, as iudicated in Fig. S, or may beA wholly rectangular;but the form iirst shown is preferred.

The inner sides of the compress-casing are recessed, as shown in Fig. 3,for the reception of a lining, preferablyn removable, and thegenerallyepressed surface of the recess may be vertically channeled, asat aa, and,'whcre 4removable linings are employed, is furtherhorizontally recessed at top and bottom, as at b, to receive and retainthe'liuiug H, which, when in position, fills the general recess andconstitutes the iiush plane inner surface ofthe casing.

` The removable lining H consists of a number of. metal slats, d, ypreferably of steel of nearly rectangular cross-section,bnt slightlynarrowed at the rear, arranged vertically side by side and secured toacross-bar, e,a`daptcd to t in the recesses b. l-he thickncssof theslats equalsthe depth ofthe general' depression in the side of thecompress-casingnnd that of the cross-bars the additional depth of therecesses b, so that when the lining is in place it'iills the generaldepression in the'side of the casing, and forms a flush plane surface,the

slats being of such width that the interstices between them registerwith the channels a. lt is to be understood that the slats l are planedsmooth and are in close contact at their meeting edges, the intersticesbeing, therefore, exceedingly minute and permeable by the oil only underpressure.

For cleansing purposes alternate slats only are secured permanently tothe cross-bars, the intermediate slats being provided with dowel-pinsentering sockets in the cross-bar, and held in place when'in thecompress by the upper plate, i, rcmovabl y secured to the crossbar E andby thc platen C, both of which in use project within the casing. Theobject of this construction is to permit the removal of the lining tofacilitate the cleansing of the cas ing and lo permit the separationofthe lining for a similar purpose` Where a. removable lining is notused, the slats d may be secured directly to the compress-casing and thecrossbar c and its containing recess b wholly omitted in theconstruction. The channelsaaare not absolutely essential, and may, it'preferred, he omitted, in which case the drainage passes downwardbetween the slats in the larger interstices formed by narrowing theslats at the rear. In either case the vertical drainagechannels openbelow through the bottom of the casing, and the expressed oildripsthencc into the gallery c surrounding the platen, and is thenceconducted by pipes to the final rc ceptaclc. The walls of the casing arefurther made hollow, preferably as shown at O, Figs. 2 and S, withstrcngtheni11g-partitions f, arranged to constitute a substantiallycontinu ons return channel by means of openings through the partitionsabove and below for the passage of steam, hot water, or other heatingmedium, admitted by pipe g, and carried by pipes h. h from one portionof the casing to another, and by a tlexible pipe or pivotal pipe-joint,p, to the swinging segment or door permitting thclatter to be opened atwill with out breaking connection. If a pivotal connection is nsed,itshould be located in the vertical hinge-line el' the door, and thcconstruction shown in Fig. 13 will be found convenient, consisting ofthe ordinary conical plug stop-cock with a continuons peripheral groovearound the plug permitting an nniinpeded flow of the heating medium,whether the door is open or sluit.

ln connection with the drainage-channels of the casing I employdrainage-mats interposed between the bags of oil-yieldingmateriahconstrurtcd as follows: Upon the npperand lower surihces of asheet of metal, i, titting the interior horizontal area of thc casing,are sccured a series ot parallel slats, d', similar to those beforedescribed, but preferably arranged at right angles on opposite sides ofthe sheet and covering each surface entire. The slats heilig slightlynarrowed nt tho sides in contact with the plates and correspomliin;r inwidth with the slats d of the casing, the horizontal drainage chan-nelsthus formed practically register at opposite sides wit-h those ot'opposite sides ot' thc easing, the two series thus formed at oppositesides of the mat communicating with the four sides of the casing-thatis, one series to each two 0pposite sides thereof, thus equalizingthcdistribution of oil to the drainage-channels of the casing.

In practico it is desirable to construct the central sheet a littlesmaller than the area covered by the slats, thus practically forming ahorizontal channel communicating with all thc casing-channels crossedthereby and rendering it; immaterial whether the channels ot' themat-slats and those of the casingslats exactly register. The upper andlower mats of the press-load may have the slats at one side of the sheetwholly omitted, thus forming what may be called single mats, such asshown in Figs. 5 and 12, and in constructing the mats it is desirablethat each alternate stat should be attached by screws or otherfastening, permitting their removal for cleansing purposes.

In the general construction of the compress casing it is desirable thatthe side of the casing opposite the door, where the four-sided interioris employed, should be narrowed for convenience in removing thepress-load, in which ease the horizontal area. would conform to the planindicated in Fig. 7, and the form of the mat be modified accordingly.

In the practical use and operation of the press,the parts being in theposition shown in Fig. 1 the load of bags containing the oil-bearingmaterial is placed upon the platen upon one of the mats, preferably asingle mat, and drainage-mats are interposed between the successivebags, with their drainage-channels arranged, as hereiuhelore indicated,to alternate the distribution of expressed oil to the sides ot' theeasing uniformly, and the whole surinouuted by a mat, preferably single,and the door closed and fastened. Steam, hot water, or other heatingmedium having been previously introduced or being now introduced to heatthe casing by passing through the return channels, as indicated, poweris applied to the ram and the platen elevated. By the pressa re thusgiven the expressed oil is forced from the material and conductedthrough the mat-channels to the easing-channels, and tlows thencedownward into the drip-gallery.

In practice a block, k, is interposed between the platen-head orpressblock and the cylinder A, thus retaining the press-block alwaysjust within the casing, and similarly a removable block, I, titting theinterior area ol' the casing is secured to the head or cross-bar E ofthe press. These, in caso removable linings are employed in the press,serve to hold the slats d in place, and permit their convenient; rcnmvalfor cleansing purposes by dropping the platen-head and removing theblock I.

In case it should be deemed desirable to construct thc compress-casingwith but two or even one sido channeled, the drainage-nuits IlO will bemodtcd accordingly, the slats being arranged parallel on both sides. Asimilar modiiication may be made in the mais adapted to the circularcasing and the )nat-channels arranged to communicate with alternatochannels of the casing.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States- 1. In au oil-press, a eompressbox adapted tocontain thematerial for pressure huilt up directly in successive layers providedwith a door at one side and with hollow walls, arranged asreturn-channels for the circulation and distribution of a heating agentaround the oil-bearing material during the pressing operation,substantially as set forth.

2. In an oilpress, a compress box or casing having open vertical grooveschanneled in its inner sides and provided with vertical liningbars whoseiutcrstices register with said chaunels, substantially as and l'or thepurpose set fort-h.

3. A compress-box or casing for oilpresses constructed of two or moresections or segments, in combination with linings composed of verticalslats for the inner sides, with suitable interstices for theont-diainage ofthe oil between said linings and the casing, as setforth.

4. In an oil-press, a compress box or easing having one or more sidesprovided with interior openings or channels for the circulation of steamor other heating medium, and a sep arable side or door similarlyprovided, substantially as set forth.

5. In an oil-press, a compress bex or casi ng constructed with hollowsides for the circulation of steam or other heatilnf,r agent, and ahinged door similarly constructed, and a ilexiblc or jointedpipeconnect-ion pcrmittingthe opening of the door without destroyingsaid connection, substantially as set forth.

b'. In a laterally-imperforated oil-press, a compress box or easingprovided with interior vertical dranagechannels opening through thecasing below, in combination with a platrn-block provided with a dripgallery arranged beneath the drainage-channels ofthe compress-box,substantially as set forth.

7. A compress box or easing, consisting of two or more segments orsides, said segments or sides heilig made hollow and provided withdivision partitions perforated alternately above and below to constitutea substantially continuous channel throughout for the passage of aheating medium, substantially as set forth.

S. In combination with an oil compress box or casing having removablelinings, ablock or plate removably secured Within the casing to the heador cross-bar of the press, as and for the purpose set forth.

9. In nn oil-press, in combination with a compress box or using providedwith vertically-channeled inner surfaces, a division-mat provided withhorizontal channels registering with those of the easing, substantiallyas set forth.

l0. 'in an oil-press1 in combination with a. compress box creasingprovided with interior drainage-chan nels, a division-mat constructedwith drainage-channels at opposite sides extending in differentdirections, substantially as set forth.

1l. In an oil-press, in combination with a compress box or casingprovided with interior drainage-channels, a divisionnnat consisting ot'a metal plate provided at either or both sides with a series ofcontiguous slats, the interstiees between whose meeting surfacescoustitute drainage-channels, substantially as set forth.

12. A division-mat for oil-presses consistinf.,r of a metal plateprovided at, one or both sides with slats, each alternate slat beingremovable, substantially as set forth.

13. A compress box or casing for oil-presses having.;` its inner sidesrecessed and provided with removable linings tilting said recesses andconstituting a flush plane surface when in place, substantially as setforth.

1t. In an oil-press, a laterally-imperforate compress-casing having itsinner surface provided with eontinuous vertical drainage-chaunelsopening int-eriorly, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hund in the presence of twosubscribing wit nessus.

JJIIN Il. MCGOWAN.

Witnesscsz L. M. llosm, Annan Mir.

